Tuesday, April 2, 2024

Chapter 12: 1918-1920, World War I

A week ago, Clarence Dunnivant had been a boarder at the home of Virgil and Ann Hendrix in Huntsville, Alabama; but today he was on a train headed for South Carolina and worlds unknown. He had been a little apprehensive when he’d registered for the draft, but this was the real thing. Now, he was officially part of the United States Army, and the country had been a part of the war in Europe for a little over a year.

2 His mind was racing as the train rolled across the Southern countryside. He was headed for a place named Camp Sevier, somewhere near Greenville. What would it be like? How long would he be there? Would the other boys be as scared as he was?

3 It was only May, but it was already getting warm all over the American South. Even so, the drop of sweat that rolled down the back of his neck as he stepped off the train was more attributable to nerves than to the weather.

4 As the anxiety and anticipation mounted, Clarence was a little relieved to see that he wasn’t going to be the only new person here. In fact, there were groups of newly arrived men milling about and being sorted and organized everywhere he looked.

5 “John Lynch,” one man said as he extended his hand to Clarence. “Bob Dunnivant,” Clarence smiled – making a split decision to use his middle name here.

6 “There’s a rumor going around that there was a bad train wreck when they moved the unit to this location,” John revealed after they’d gotten better acquainted. He looked worried. “I heard that a bunch of guys were killed and injured,” he continued. “Not a good sign. If you ask me this whole thing smells like it’s headed in the wrong direction!” “That sure don’t sound good,” Clarence agreed.

7 Nevertheless, despite his friend’s misgivings, Camp Sevier was a beehive of activity over the weeks that followed. If the enterprise was doomed to failure, it wouldn’t be for lack of preparation.

8 They began training and drilling almost immediately after they arrived. Lieutenant Colonel Frank Halstead wasn’t ready to throw up his hands in defeat just yet. In fact, if the commanding officer of the 321st Infantry had anything to say about it, they would be more than ready to fight the Germans.

9 Time, however, was not on the Colonel’s side. The order to move the troops to Long Island, New York came early in July. While the unit was busy preparing to do just that, Ernest Clayton Jones was born back in Alabama on Saturday, July 13th. The train for Camp Upton left Camp Sevier the next day.

10 They arrived at their new camp the morning of the 16th, but anyone who had been expecting a chance to rest before being sent to Europe was soon disappointed. The drilling intensified.

11 The preparations were continuous and unrelenting. The reviews were constant. “By God, you’re going to have to do better than that!” Colonel Halstead shouted.

12 Then, at the end of the month, they were loaded on to ferryboats and taken to Hoboken, New Jersey. From there, they were marched aboard one of three old English passenger ships (The Walmer Castle, Scandinavian and City of Glasgow).

13 “This smells like shit and rotten potatoes,” the man next to Clarence observed. “It does smell pretty bad,” he agreed.

14 They were packed aboard like sardines in a tin can. Over the course of the twelve-day voyage that followed, every one of the young men aboard those ships who made it home would recall years later that it had been one of the most miserable experiences of their lives. Stomachs, patience and morale were sorely tested; but somehow, they all survived the ordeal.

15 The ships docked at Liverpool, England on Sunday, August 11th, but they only remained in the city long enough to get everyone and their equipment off of the boats. From there, they marched to Winchester and then on to Southampton.

16 “We sure ain’t waistin any time, are we? Clarence asked John. “That’s for sure,” his friend replied.

17 They crossed the English Channel just as the sun was setting on the 13th. “Well, I sure never thought I’d see France,” one of the soldiers declared as the coastline came into focus.

18 After everyone had disembarked, they all assembled with their packs on their backs and prepared to march to the “rest” camps that awaited them a few miles inland. As Clarence approached the camp, what looked like a sea of tents came into view. It stretched out endlessly before him in all directions.

19 When they stopped marching, the sergeants began dividing them into groups of sixteen and leading them to the tents where they would be “resting” before moving out. They smelled musty inside, but at least there were some boards spread out on the ground to serve as a floor and keep them out of the mud.

20 “We will all be given an opportunity to shower,” Corporal Dooley announced. “Just remember though, there are too many of us to allow each man to have more than a few minutes under the water. So, it is essential that you be quick. Don’t linger!”

21 The opportunity for a shower was too good to pass up. Clarence hurriedly grabbed his toiletries and jumped into the line headed for the showers.

22 When his turn finally came, he rushed inside, laid down his effects and stripped. The water was cold, but he didn’t waste any time in getting lathered up. He was shivering by now and hadn’t had a chance to rinse all of the soap off of his body when the water suddenly stopped. “Hey!” the cry arose all around him.

23 “Next!” the sergeants barked. “Step lively, men. Your buddies are waiting to take a shower too!” they shouted.

24 Clarence attempted to wipe away the suds with his towel and surprised himself with how quickly he was able to get dressed. He did not, however, feel very clean and refreshed.

25 A few days later, they were marched back to the coast and loaded onto a train. Once again, they were packed in like sardines; but, this time, the tin cans were box cars. What’s more, it was immediately apparent that they had recently been employed in the capacity of cattle cars, because there was manure all over the floors and walls.

26 They were supposed to stop at Flogny, but the train continued on to Tonnerre. As a consequence, they had to march the ten miles back to Flogny.

27 They set up camp in a grassy meadow beside an old chateau. Although the place was peaceful and beautiful, their pup tents seemed a little out of place there.

28 Nevertheless, that did not prevent Colonel Halstead from inaugurating another round of intensive training. This final session lasted about a month.

29 Then, suddenly, the news which they had all been dreading finally came. “We’re going to the front!” Private Bob Reese excitedly announced. A few minutes later, Corporal Dooley told them that Colonel Halstead wanted to address everyone, and that they should immediately assemble in the open space before the chateau.

30 As they waited, Clarence was about to whisper something to John when the Colonel began to speak. He said:

“Before we leave for the front, I wanted to say a few words to all of you – to have a little ‘man to man’ so to speak. I don’t want to talk about military drills anymore. The time for those is over. I do, however, want to give you a better understanding of what I’ve been trying to accomplish with all of those drills and convey something of my feelings for all of you. 31 I haven’t had very much time to make soldiers out of you, but we’ve done the best we could in that respect. Germany, on the other hand, has had thirty years to prepare for this war; and they’ve been fighting it for four years now. Nevertheless, I want you all to know that I don’t consider you to be inferior to the average German soldier in any way! 32 We’re assembled here today to go to the front, and to do our part beside our brother soldiers. We may make a few mistakes along the way, but I am confident that you will make the Germans wish that they had never left hearth and home before this is over! 33 I know that your packs are heavy. I know how hard you’ve been training. All of this has prepared you for what’s ahead. I’m proud of all of you. You are part of the best regiment in the best division of the best Army in the world! 34 Men, we’re about to get into this thing. Remember to keep your heads and follow orders. Nothing will prevent a real man from performing his duty. No Good-bye, just Good Night; and I wish you a pleasant journey.”

35 Clarence swallowed hard as the full weight of what lay just ahead of them began to sink into his mind. “Will I ever see home again?” he wondered. “Will I ever have a chance to get married and have a family?” As he looked around at the men surrounding him, he knew that many of them were asking themselves the same questions.

36 They left for the front the following morning. There were more cattle cars, and the weather had turned considerably cooler.

37 From late September to mid-November, they occupied the trenches in the Raon l’Etape Sector. Each company of the 251st took their turn in the trenches – anywhere from ten to twenty days at a time.

38 During that time, the Germans were continuously shelling their positions, and the explosions were both unsettling and dangerous. Nevertheless, the lice, rats and mud proved to be even more daunting than the explosions.

39 “I hate these cooties!” Private Willie Rice exclaimed as he rubbed his back against one of the wooden posts used to reinforce the walls of the trenches. Clarence shook his head in agreement and stared into the darkness.

40 “This guard duty ain’t much fun neither,” said Rice. “Yeah, I’ll be glad when this whole damn business is through!” Clarence agreed.

41 Willie looked at his comrade with some shock and surprise. “Alabama Bob, that’s the first time I’ve heard you use a curse word since we’ve been here!”

42 Just then, a shell exploded near them, and a shower of dirt rained down on them for several seconds. “Hoo-wee, that was close,” Clarence whispered. “Closer than I like ‘em,” Willie agreed.

43 On October 16th, they were finally relieved by French troops. From there, they covered over fifty kilometers in two days with heavy packs on their backs. As they marched along, Clarence thought again about home and all of the other American soldiers who were over there with him. They came from all over the country and from many different walks of life.

44 Of course, he had no way of knowing that another young man from Alabama had been gassed here and had already been sent back home. His name was Hardy King, and he was from the same Brindlee Mountain that had been the old home place of the Hendrix family.

45 Clarence was also unaware of the presence there of a young man from Kentucky. His name was Dick Reynolds, a man whose sister was destined to give birth to the mother of the man who would one day tell his story to the world. He, likewise, certainly had no idea that the little boy who had waved hello at another Clarence and subsequently became his son was at that moment marching around the quad at Oberlin College in Ohio as part of a reserve unit of the same army in which he was currently serving.

46 He was also oblivious to the fact that the man who was responsible for much of the planning behind this current offensive, Colonel George C. Marshall, was himself a distant cousin of the Hendrix family. Nevertheless, despite his ignorance of these subterranean connections, Clarence did feel connected to the people of his country (and the world of which it was a part) in a way that he never had before the war.

47 At the beginning of November, they were in Sampigny. From there, Clarence and his comrades marched to Verdun through the rain and darkness of night. By the evening of the 6th, they had moved into an entrenched position at Fort Vaux.

48 The next morning, Clarence and his buddies got their first look at the surrounding countryside. “I’ve never seen anything like it!” John proclaimed. “That must be what hell looks like,” Clarence agreed.

49 The ground was desolate all around them. There weren’t any trees. The hills were barren, except for the bones of German and French soldiers that were scattered everywhere.

50 The order to move up to the front came early on the morning of the 9th. The fighting was intense everywhere. Events were moving very fast now.

51 On the morning of the 11th, Clarence and his fellow soldiers went “over the top.” They left the trenches behind and attacked the Germans with a ferocity that matched the men of the great heathen warriors who had preceded them in battle. Then, just a few hours later, the news came that an Armistice had been concluded, and the battlefield fell silent.

52 John, Bob and Willie were dead. Corporal Dooley had been severely wounded. Indeed, a great many men on both sides lay motionless or bleeding across the front. Clarence, however, had somehow managed to survive the carnage.

53 At first, he didn’t know what to feel. He took turns laughing and crying. Everyone was exhausted, including the young man from Alabama.

54 That evening, they bivouacked on the battlefield. There were campfires everywhere, and the sound of laughter could be heard emanating from the men surrounding them on all sides.

55 “It’s finally over. I’m going to get to go home,” Clarence thought. “What are you smiling about, soldier?” someone asked him. “Oh, I don’t know,” he chuckled. “Yeah,” the other soldier smiled and slapped him affectionately across the back.

56 They had participated in one of the most important battles of the war. Later generations would call it the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, because much of the battle had been waged along the Meuse River and in the Forest of Argonne. However, for most of the American soldiers who had been a part of the fighting, the entire experience would simply be referred to as “THE War” for the rest of their lives.

57 Over the months that followed, there were plenty of reviews and ceremonies to keep them occupied. King Albert of Belgium and General Pershing paid them a visit in March. By the end of April, Clarence and his buddies had grown weary of strutting and preening for the seemingly endless parade of dignitaries who wanted to celebrate their victory. It was time to go home.

58 In May, they traveled by train to Le Mans. In early June, they moved on to St. Nazaire. Clarence lost track of how many times he was deloused, bathed, examined and inspected.

59 Then, on June 9th, the 321st Infantry marched aboard the U.S.S. Manchuria for the trip home. A French band played “The Marseillaise” and “The Star-Spangled Banner” as they boarded the ship. There was a horrible storm on the eighth day out from France, but the ship made it safely back to Chesapeake Bay and Hampton Roads with its precious cargo.

60 When Clarence finally made it back to Huntsville, he once again took up residence at the Hendrix boarding house. He gave Hayden his letter from King George V of Great Britain, and he asked Anne to hold on to his letter from General Pershing for him. “I’d be honored to keep it for you,” she replied.

61 He also noticed that little Eva had turned into a beautiful young woman in his absence. She had breasts now, and those beautiful brown eyes! Why hadn’t he noticed them before?

62 “Boots!” she said as she pointed at his feet. He’d forgotten that he was still wearing his army boots. The nickname stuck. He would forever after be known to the Hendrix family as “Boots,” and he and Eva were married at the end of the following January.


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